- A facial expression
- A commune in the region of Thies, Senegal West of
- Trisopterus luscus or pout, a fish family Gadidae
Pollock: A facial expression
A facial expression are the results of one or more proposals or positions of the muscles of the face.
These movements convey the emotional state of the individual or observers. Facial expressions are a form of nonverbal communication. They are a primary means of social information transmission between humans, but also occurs in most other mammals and some other animal or species. Facial expressions and their importance in the recipient may to some extent, vary between cultures.
Humans can adopt a facial expression as a voluntary action. However, because expressions are closely tied to emotions, are more often involuntary. It can be almost impossible to avoid expressions of certain emotions, even though it would be wise to do so; For example: a person who is trying to avoid the insult to an individual who is very unattractive, but may show a brief expression of disgust before able to resume a neutral expression.
The close link between emotion and expression can also work in the other direction, but noted that voluntarily assuming an expression can actually cause the associated emotion is the case of film stars for example.
Some expressions can be accurately interpreted even between members of different species - anger and extreme happiness or joy are the main examples. Others, however, are difficult to interpret even acquaintances. For example, disgust and fear may be difficult to differentiate.
Because faces have only a limited range of motion, expressions are based on very tiny differences in the proportion and relative position of facial features, and their reading needs to be very sensitive to it. Some faces are often falsely read as expressing an emotion, even when they are neutral, because their natural proportions resemble a specific emotion or expression in the case of people frown appear to be in a bad mood but it is not necessarily the case.
Thus it is easier to know the association of an expression with a certain emotion when known by now to the individual.
Universality Debate
Charles Darwin noted in his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals: ... young and old of very different breeds, both man and animals, express the same state of mind by the same movements.
However, until the mid 20 or more, anthropologists believed that facial expressions were entirely learned and therefore may differ between cultures. Studies in the 1960's by Paul Ekman eventually supported Darwin's belief in many ways.
Ekman's work on facial expressions had its starting point in the work of psychologist Silvan Tomkins. Ekman showed that, contrary to the belief of some anthropologists including Margaret Mead, Facial expressions of emotion are not culturally determined, but if universal across human cultures.
The South Front of the people of New Guinea, were chosen as subjects for a survey of this type. The study involved 189 adults and 130 children from a very isolated population, and twenty-three members of the culture they lived a less isolated lifestyle as a control group. Participants were told a story that describes a particular emotion, but were shown three pictures (two for children) of facial expressions and asked to match the image that expressed the emotion of the story.
While the isolated village in the south front were able to identify emotions with the same accuracy as the control group without isolation, problems related to the study include the fact that both fear and surprise were constantly misidentified. The study concluded that certain facial expressions correspond to particular emotions, regardless of their cultural background, and regardless of whether or not culture has been isolated or exposed to the mainstream.
Ekman found that expressions that indicate universal included the following: anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise. The findings of contempt are less clear, although there are at least some preliminary evidence that this emotion and its expression are universally recognized.
More recent studies show that in 2009 people from different cultures can interpret facial expressions in different ways.
Eye Contact Communication
The face of a person, especially the eyes, creates the most obvious and immediate signals that lead to the formation of impressions. This article discusses the eyes and facial expressions and the effect they have on interpersonal communication.
A person's eyes reveal a lot about how they feel, or what they are thinking. Blink rate may show nervousness or calm a person. Research by Boston College professor Joe Tecce suggests that stress levels are revealed by blinking frequency. He supports his data with statistics on the relationship between the frequency of blinking of the presidential candidates and their success in their careers. Tecce said that the faster blinker in the presidential debates has lost every election since 1980. Although Tecce data are interesting, it is important to recognize that nonverbal communication is multi.
Eye contact is another important aspect of facial communication. It is hypothesized that this is due to children, as human beings are one of the few mammals that maintain regular eye contact with her mother during lactation. The eye contact serves a variety of purposes. Regulates the talks, has more interest or participation, and establishes a connection with others. The eye contact in turn regulates the conversation taken, announces the engagement and involvement as well, the heat returns, and establishes connections with other people ... It also can draw attention, be flirtatious (o), or seem cold and intimidating. ... Invites conversation. The lack of eye contact is generally perceived as an act rude or inattentive.
But different cultures have different rules for eye contact. Some Asian cultures may perceive direct eye contact as a way to signal the competitiveness, which in many cases it might be inappropriate. Others lower their eyes is a sign of respect, and likewise avoided eye contact in Nigeria, and between men and women in Islam, but in Western cultures that could be misinterpreted as a lack of confidence in itself.
Even beyond the idea of eye contact, often communicates more information than a person expresses even aware. Pupil dilation is a significant signal to a level of excitement, pleasure or attraction. Dilated pupils indicate a greater affection or attraction, while contracted or closed eyes usually send a signal colder.
General face
The face tells a whole lot about human moods. specific emotional states such as happiness or sadness expressed through a smile or a frown, respectively. There are seven universally recognized emotions shown through facial expressions very often and they are: Fear, anger, surprise, contempt, disgust, happiness and sadness. Regardless of culture, these expressions are the same. However, the same emotion of a specific facial expression can be recognized by a culture, but the same intensity of emotion can not be perceived by another.
For example, studies have shown that Asian cultures tend to rate images of facial emotions as less intense that cultures - Asian respondents. This difference can be explained by display rules, which are culture-specific guidelines for the adaptation of behavior. In some countries, it may be tough to emote than another. Showing anger toward another member in a group that can create problems and disharmony, but if it appears in competitive emulation, you could create the cohesion of the group of belonging.
Facial expressions
Some examples of feelings that can be expressed are
- Anger
- Concentration
- Confusion
- Contempt
- Desire
- Disgust
- Emotion
- Fear
- Frustration
- Glare
- Happiness
- Sadness
- Growl mention in the levator muscle of upper lip and nasal wing muscle
- Surprise
The muscles of facial expression
- Auricularis anterior muscle
- Buccinator
- Corrugator supercilii muscle
- Depressor anguli oris muscle
- Lower lip depressor muscle
- Nasal septum depressor muscle
- Frontalis
- Levator anguli oris muscle
- Lift the upper lip and nasal wing muscle
- Levator muscle of upper lip
- Mental muscle
- Modiolus
- Nasalis muscle
- Orbicularis muscle
- Orbicularis oris muscle
- Platysma
- Procerus muscle
- Risorius muscle
- Zygomaticus major
- Zygomaticus minor
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