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CRYPTOGRAPHY: CODING AND DECODING INFORMATION,

Encrypt and Decrypt

Cryptography (from Greek krypto κρύπτω, "hidden" and γράφω graphos, "write", literally "hidden writing") is the art ociencia to encrypt and decrypt information using special techniques and is often used to allow an exchange of messages that only can be read by people who are targeted and have the means to decipher.

Cryptography Coding and Decoding Information, Encrypt and Decrypt, classical cryptography, cryptanalysis, cryptography, cryptography itself, cryptography was remarkable, History of cryptography, jargon of cryptography, MACHINE CRYTOGRAPHYC, method of cryptography, The Enigma machine used by the Germans during World War II, The history of cryptography is long and rich in anecdotes. Since the earliest civilizations developed techniques to send messages during military campaigns, http://althox.blogspot.com/2012/05/cryptography-coding-and-decoding.html

Cryptography

Encrypt and

Decrypt

More precisely, when it comes to this area of ​​knowledge and science, one should speak of cryptology, which in turn includes both encryption techniques, ie, cryptography itself as complementary techniques, among which is included cryptanalysis, which studies methods for breaking ciphertexts in order to recover the original information in the absence of the keys.

Cryptography Concepts

In the jargon of cryptography, the original information to be protected is called plaintext or cleartext. Encryption is the process of converting plain text into unreadable gibberish called ciphertext or cryptogram. Usually, the concrete implementation of the encryption algorithm (also called figure) is based on the existence of a key intelligence that adapts the encryption algorithm for each different use. Figure is an old Arabic word to denote the number zero in ancient times, when Europe began to change from the Roman numeral system Arabic was unknown zero, so this was mysterious, hence probably means that encryption mysterious.

The two most simple encryption in classical cryptography, is the replacement (which is the change in meaning of the basic elements of post-letters, digits or symbols-) and transposition (which involves a rearrangement of the thereof), the vast majority of conventional figures are combinations of these two basic operations.

Decryption is the reverse process that recovers the plaintext from the ciphertext and key. The cryptographic protocol specifies the details of how to use the algorithms and keys (and other primitive operations) to achieve the desired effect. The set of protocols, encryption algorithms, key management processes and actions of users, which together constitute a cryptosystem, which is what the end user works and interacts.

There are two sets of figures: the algorithms that use a single key both in the process of encryption and decryption in, and using a key to cifrarmensajes and a different key to decrypt. The first is called symmetric ciphers, symmetric key or private key, and are the basis of classical ciphers. The latter are called asymmetric ciphers, asymmetric key or public key and form the core of modern encryption techniques.

In everyday language, the code word is used interchangeably with figure. In the jargon of cryptography, however, the term has a specialized technical use: codes are a method of cryptography is to replace classical textual units more or less long or complex, usually words or phrases, to hide the message, for example, "blue sky" could mean "attack at dawn." By contrast, classical figures normally replace or rearrange the basic elements of post-letters, digits or symbols-, in the example above, "RCNM arcteeaal aaa" would be a cryptogram obtained by transposition. When using a technique of codes, secret information is usually collected in a codebook.

Often the encryption and decryption processes are found in the literature as encryption and decryption, although both are wrong-Anglicisms neologisms of English words-still encrypt and decrypt without academic recognition. Some people distinguish between encryption / decryption and encryption / decryption are talking as symmetric or asymmetric cryptography, but the reality is that most experts prefer to avoid both neologisms speaking to the point that the use thereof so far as to discern fans and novices in the art of those who have more experience and depth in it.

Ideologically encrypt and decrypt equivalent to writing proofread.

Cryptography History

Main article

The history of cryptography is long and rich in anecdotes. Since the earliest civilizations developed techniques to send messages during military campaigns, so that if the messenger was intercepted carrying information that did not run the danger of falling into enemy hands. Perhaps the first known cryptosystem documented by the Greek historian Polybius, a replacement system based on the position of the letters in a table. The Romans also used replacement systems, with the method now known as Caesar, Julius Caesar because it allegedly used in their campaigns, one of the best known in the literature (according to some authors, Julius Caesar actually did not use this alternative system, but the attribution is so deeply rooted that the name of this substitution method has been to the annals of history). Another cryptographic methods used by the Greeks was the Spartan escítala a transposition method based on a cylinder that served as the key in which he wrapped the message to encrypt and decrypt.

In 1465 the Italian Leon Battista Alberti invented a new replacement system polyalphabetic that was a breakthrough at the time. Another leading cryptographers of the sixteenth century was the Frenchman Blaise de Vigenère wrote a major treatise on "secret writing" and he designed a number that has come down to us associated with your name. ASelenus is owed the cryptographic work "Cryptomenytices et Cryptographiae" (Lunenburg, 1624). During the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the kings interest in cryptography was remarkable. The troops of Philip II used for a long time a figure with an alphabet of more than 500 mathematical symbols that the king considered impregnable. When the French mathematician François Viète cryptanalyze got that system for the King of France, Henry IV at the time, the knowledge shown by the French king prompted a complaint from the Spanish court of Pope Pius V to Henry IV accused of using black magic to defeat their armies. Meanwhile, Queen Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, was executed by her cousin Elizabeth I of England to discover a plot that after a successful cryptanalysis by mathematicians of Elizabeth.
During the First World War, the Germans used the encryption ADFGVX. This encryption method is similar to the Polybius checkerboard. It consisted of a 6 x 6 matrix used to replace any letter of the alphabet and numbers 0 to 9 with a pair of letters consisting of A, D, F, G, V, or X.

The Enigma machine used by the Germans during World War II - Cryptography

Since the nineteenth century until World War II, the most important figures were the Dutch and the Auguste Kerckhoffs Kasiski prusianoFriedrich. But in the twentieth century when the history of cryptography reexperiences significant progress. Especially during the two battles of war that marked the century: the Great War and World War II. From the twentieth century, cryptography uses a new tool that will get better and safer figures: calculating machines. The best known of the cipher machines possibly the German Enigma machine: a machine that automated rotor considerably the calculations were needed for all encryption and decryption. To defeat the German ingenuity was needed the assistance of the best mathematicians of the time and a large computational effort. Not surprisingly, the greatest advances in the field of both cryptography and cryptanalysis in the not begin until then.

Following the conclusion of World War II, cryptography has an important theoretical development, with Claude Shannon and his research on information theory essential milestones in this development. In addition, advances in automatic computing pose both a threat to existing systems as an opportunity to develop new systems. In the mid 70's, the Department of Norms and Standards U.S. publishes first logical design of a cipher that would be called to be the main cryptographic system of the century: the Data Encryption Standard or DES. Around the same time already beginning to take shape which would be the so far last revolution of the theoretical and practical cryptography: asymmetric systems. These systems represented a quantum leap as possible to introduce cryptography in other fields that are essential today, as the digital signature.

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