Abdomen (area between the pelvis and chest - other definitions)

Human Abdomen

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Abdomen - (Abdomen area between the pelvis and chest)

The Abdomen is: The body region located between the top of the pelvis and lower chest, animals both vertebrate and invertebrate animals.

In vertebrates like mammals, also known as the Abdomen (belly) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis (cavity genitourinary). The region enclosed by the Abdomen called the abdominal cavity. In arthropods is the distal part of the body behind the thorax or cephalothorax.

The human Abdomen is also called (womb) is part of the body between the pelvis and chest. Anatomically known as abdominal area supported by a series of ligaments, muscles and skin on the back protected by tendons, nerves and bones. The Abdomen extends from the thorax at the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvis on the iliac crest. The iliac crest extends from the lumbosacral angle (the intervertebral disk between L5 and S1) to the symphysis pubis and the edge of the pelvis. The space above this inlet and under the thoracic diaphragm is termed the abdominal cavity where it obviously puts the Abdomen. The boundary of the abdominal cavity is the abdominal wall in the front, and the peritoneal surface in the rear.

Vertebrates - (Abdomen area between the pelvis and chest)

In vertebrates, the Abdomen is a large cavity enclosed by the abdominal muscles, ventral and lateral, and dorsal spine. The lower ribs may also include lateral and ventral walls of the Abdomen. The abdominal cavity is continuous with the pelvic cavity on before which sits the Abdomen. The thoracic cavity is separated by the diaphragm. Structures such as the aorta, inferior vena cava and esophagus pass through the diaphragm. Both abdominal and pelvic cavities are lined by a serous membrane called the parietal peritoneum. This membrane is continuous with the visceral peritoneum lining the organs. The Abdomen in vertebrates contains a number of bodies belonging to it, for example, the digestive tract and urinary system which are also part of the Abdomen.

Abdominal organs (ie that are part of the Abdomen) 

• Digestive system: stomach, small intestine, large intestine with cecum and appendix 
• Organs of the urinary system some of them contained in the Abdomen:Kidneys and ureters, perotechnicly located in retroperitoneum, peritoneal membrane externally. 
• Accessory digestive organs:liver, gallbladder and pancreas. 
• Other bodies:Spleen 

Abdominal organs or the Abdomen may be highly specialized in some animals. For example, the stomach of ruminants (a suborder within mammals) is divided into four chambers - rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum.

The Abdomen and Abdominal Cavity Invertebrates - (Abdomen area between the pelvis and chest)

The invertebrate Abdomen is constructed from a series of plates: A concave top known as tergites and convex lower another known as sternites, all united by a hard but elastic membrane, this region is called the abdominal cavity, also known as Abdomen.

The Abdomen contains the insect's digestive tract and reproductive organs, consisting of eleven segments in most orders of insects, though the eleventh segment is absent in the adult of most higher orders of insects. The number of these segments varies from species to species with the number of segments visible reduced to only seven in the common bee in which case such as this area is also known as Abdomen. In the Collembola (Springtails) the Abdomen has only six segments.

The Abdomen is sometimes highly modified. In ants, for example the first segment of Abdomen is fused with the thorax and propodeum calls obviously is part of the Abdomen. The second segment forms the narrow petiole that although it seems another area of ​​insect this is also part of the Abdomen. Some ants have an additional section known as postpetiole segment and the remaining segments form the bulbous gaster, both are also part of the Abdomen and abdominal cavity. And on) the petiole and gaster are 2 segments of Abdomen, which are collectively called the metasoma. 

Unlike other arthropods, insects possess no legs on the Abdomen in adult form, even if they have a rudimentary protrusions as appendages of the legs in the first three segments of the Abdomen or abdominal cavity, and the small joints Archaeognatha are so put in the form of "needles" that are sometimes considered as appendages rudimentary and in turn are part of the Abdomen or abdominal cavity. Many insects, including lepidopteran larvae and the Symphyta (sawflies) have fleshy appendages called prolegs on their abdominal segments as its name implies, are part of the Abdomen; (and their more familiar thoracic legs), making them can cling to the edges of the leaves of the plants and likewise walk on them.

The Abdomen in Humans - (Abdomen area between the pelvis and chest)

Functionally, the human Abdomen is where most of the digestive tract and stomach are housed, for absorption and digestion of food. The digestive system in the Abdomen consists of the lower esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon and descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum . Other vital organs inside the Abdomen are the liver, kidneys, pancreas and spleen.

The abdominal wall is divided into the posterior (back), lateral (sides) and anterior frontal) all these walls are part of the Abdomen and / or abdominal cavity.

Abdominal Muscles or Abdomen - (Abdomen area between the pelvis and chest)

mentefascia horizontally-fascia transversalis organelles are part of the Abdomen specifically of the abdominal cavity. Are inserted in the line of dawn behind the rectum in the Abdomen.

The rectus abdominis muscles are long and flat. The muscle is crossed by three tendinous intersections called transversae linae. The rectus abdominis is enclosed in a thick sheath formed, as described above, the fibers of each of the three muscles of the abdominal wall lateral to the side of the Abdomen. They originate from the pubic bone, found in the Abdomen on both sides of the dawn, and inserted into the cartilage of the, fifth, sixth and seventh ribs.

The piriformis muscle is small and triangular. It is in the lower Abdomen in front of the abdominal muscle called the rectus abdominis. It originates from the pubic bone and inserts into the dawn to the middle of the line to the navel.

Functions of the muscles of the Abdomen - (Abdomen area between the pelvis and chest)

The abdominal muscles or muscles of the Abdomen, have several key features. Provide movement and support the trunk and help in the process of respiration. Moreover, these muscles serve as protection for organs and organelles inside the Abdomen. In addition, with the back muscles that provide postural support and are important in defining the shape.

The transverse abdominal muscle is the deepest muscle of the Abdomen, therefore, can not be touched from the outside. This can greatly affect the body posture. The internal oblique muscles are also deep and also affect the body posture. Both are involved in rotation and lateral flexion of the spine and are used to bend and support the backbone of the front, are also contained within the Abdomen or abdominal cavity. The external oblique muscles are more superficial and are involved in rotation and lateral flexion of the spine. These promote the stabilization of the vertical column that muscle is also contained in the Abdomen. The rectus abdominis is the most superficial muscle of the Abdomen. Is the muscle that people in good shape is visible and widely admired. The rectus abdominis muscle function is to bend your back forward, so when we do those push-ups are called abs. The main job of the abdominal muscles is to bend the spine forward coencentrically recruitment. This muscle is also found in the Abdomen into the abdominal cavity.

Exercise and Abdomen - (Abdomen area between the pelvis and chest)

As the Abdomen key to support the spine and contribute to good posture is important to properly exercise the abdominal muscles along with the muscles of the back and when it is weak or too tight or strong may experience painful spasms and injury . When exercised properly, these muscles contained in the Abdomen, is helping to improve posture and balance, reduce the risk of episodes of back pain, reduce the severity of back pain, prevent injury to respond effectively to stress, help prevent some back surgeries, and help cure a back problem or after spinal surgery. Furthermore, by strengthening the abdominal muscles of the Abdomen provides more flexibility and balance to the body.

The Abdomen or abdominal muscles can be exercised through the practice of various disciplines such as pilates, yoga, Tai Chi, and running, among others. There are also specific routines to guide each of these muscles.

One of the effective abdominal exercise called the bicycle, focuses on straight and oblique abdominal muscles, improving not only the appearance of the Abdomen but improving lumbar and digestive health. Also, the muscles of the Abdomen, abdominal called straight or exercise can be solved with specific exercises such as basic crisis, the vertical crisis, the contraction of the reverse, and full vertical crunch, and when they are in very good shape are as a package of 6 known in gyms as chocolate or minichocolatina by the way these are very similar to a candy bar when well exercised. 

In exercising the muscles of the Abdomen called internal obliques and external obliques can flatten your stomach and waist reduction. The crisis of the long arm, which straighten your arms behind you, adds an extra layer in the movement and stresses on the upper abs, specific muscles of the Abdomen. Lama Exercise not only strengthens the abdominal muscles, but also the back and stabilizing muscles. These specific exercises not only improve the physical condition of the spine in general, but also further improve the physical appearance of the Abdomen, the abdominal area and shape in general.

In abdominal exercises can also be done with the help of some machines like the captain's chair, which is one of the most popular machines used in gyms and health clubs. Other machines are the Ab Roller and Torso Track all aimed at improving specific shape and appearance of the Abdomen. The ball or exercise ball is also a tool that helps strengthen the abs. It may be more effective than crunches on the floor or flat abs, because the abdominals usually do more work on the legs than in the Abdomen but it is done properly.

The most effective team to strengthen abdominal and therefore the visual aesthetic improvement of the Abdomen are the ones that offer less stability. Examples include suspension training body weight, such as TRX and stability balls with or without the Halo as well as being a little more comfortable and less tiring for the Abdomen, and less dangerous.

Abdominal Organs - (Abdomen area between the pelvis and chest)

The Abdomen contains most of the tube-shaped organ in the digestive tract as well as several solid organs. The hollow organs such as Abdomen including stomach, small intestine and colon as an organ Annex. Bodies such as the liver, its attached gallbladder and pancreas function in close collaboration with the digestive tract, and communicate with him through the interconnected conduits. Spleen, adrenal glands riñonesy also found in the Abdomen, along with many blood vessels as the aorta and inferior vena cava. Anatomists may consider the urinary bladder, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries, either as organs of the Abdomen or pelvic organs. Finally, the Abdomen contains an extensive membrane called the peritoneum. A fold of peritoneum may completely cover certain organs, which can cover only a portion of the organs that are usually closer to the wall of the Abdomen. Anatomists call the latter type of retroperitoneal organs.

Benchmarks surface Abdomen - (Abdomen area between the pelvis and chest)

In the midline of the Abdomen, a slight furrow extends from the cartilage ensiform / xiphoid above the symphysis pubis below, representing the white line on the wall of the Abdomen or abdominal epithelium. About halfway point is the center of the Abdomen. On each side of him, the rectus abdominis muscles which stand widely only in people who do a lot muscular or tonificiación muscular exercise. The outline of these muscles of the Abdomen is interrupted by three or more transverse depressions indicating the transversae lineae other muscle of the Abdomen, in the abdominal epithelium. Usually, one on the cartilage ensiform, one in the navel, and another among them, all within the Abdomen and protected by the abdominal membrane. It is the combination of the linea alba and transverse line which form the abdominal "six-pack" or Abdomen of chocolate, sought by many people to emphasize him man especially athletes.

The upper side of the Abdomen in the subcostal margin formed by the cartilages of the false ribs (8, 9, 10) that binds together. The lateral abdominal muscles, is the lower limit of the anterior crest of the hip bone and ligament tubes, which runs from the anterior superior spine of the ilium to the spine of the pubis. These lower limits are marked by grooves visible on the Abdomen of muscular thin people, and especially in those with a high degree of definition and muscle tone because of continuous exercise, in which case these rows in your Abdomen will be deeper and marked. Just above the pubic spines on either side are the abdominal muscles as outer rings, which are openings in the muscular wall of the Abdomen through which the spermatic cord arises in man, and through which a inguinal hernia may rupture or cause when making excessive or unreasonable force in the area directly or indirectly frequently or suddenly with an abrupt change in voltage.

A method by which you can view the location of the abdominal contents in the Abdomen, is to draw three horizontal and two vertical lines on the previously feeling its location to delineate them later when they are not very visible, according to the volume of individual's body fat question.

The horizontal lines of the Abdomen - (Abdomen area between the pelvis and chest)

The highest of the first line of the Abdomen is called transpyloric C. Addison, located halfway between the suprasternal notch and the top of the symphysis pubis, and often cuts the pyloric opening the stomach of an inch to the right half of the line. The hilum of each kidney is a little below it, while around the left end touches the lower limit of the spleen. Corresponds to the first lumbar vertebra behind. 

The second line is the subcostal line of the Abdomen, starting from the lowest point of the subcostal arch (tenth rib). Corresponds to the top of the third lumbar vertebra, and is an inch or less above the navel. Indicates approximately the transverse colon, the lower ends of the kidneys, and the upper limit of the transversal (3 rd) of the duodenum. 

The third line of the Abdomen is called: intertubercular line, which started through the two rough tubercles,
which can be felt in the outer lip of the iliac crest to two and a half inches (60 mm) of the anterior superior spine . This line corresponds to the body of the fifth lumbar vertebra, and passes through and above the ileocecal valve, where the small intestine joins the large intestine. 

Vertical lines in the Abdomen - (Abdomen area between the pelvis and chest)

The two vertical lines or mid-Poupart of the Abdomen, drawn from the midpoint between the anterior superior spine and symphysis pubis on each side, vertically upward to the costal margin. 

The vertical straight line of the Abdomen is the most valuable, as the ileocecal valve is located where the line is cut intertubercular. The orifice of the vermiform appendix is ​​an inch lower in the McBurney point. At its top, the vertical line that matches the transpyloric line at the bottom of the ribs, usually the ninth, and here lies with the gallbladder, all these organs in the Abdomen. 

In the mid-Poupart line left at the top corresponds to the three quarters to the inner edge of the descending colon. 

The right subcostal margin Abdomen, represents the lower limit of the liver, while the right nipple is about half an inch above the upper limit of this viscus.

Regions of Abdomen - (Abdomen area between the pelvis and chest)

Region 9 Abdomen RegimeThese three horizontal and two vertical lines divide the Abdomen into nine "regions." (Note that "hypo" means "down" and "epi" means "above", while "Chondo" means "cartilage" (in this case, the rib cartilage) and "gast" means the stomach. reversal of the "left" and "right" is intentional, since the anatomical names reflect the position of the patient, seen by a terecero Medical, coach, etc.). 

• Region 1 of 9 of the Abdomen Regime:Right upper quadrant / Hypochondrium 
• Region 2 of the arrangements 9 of the Abdomen: Epigastric / Epigastrium 
• Region 3 of the Rules 9 of the Abdomen: Hypochondrium / Hypochondrium 
• Region 4 of the Rules 9 of the Abdomen: Right lumbar / flank / latus / Side 
• Region 5 of the Rules 9 of the Abdomen: Umbilical 
• Region 6 of 9 of the Abdomen Regime: Left lumbar / flank / lateral 
• Region 7 of 9 of the Abdomen Regime:Right inguinal / iliac 
• Region 8 Scheme 9 of the Abdomen: Hypogastric / pubic 
• Region 9 Scheme 9 of the Abdomen: Inguinal left / iliac 

• Region 4 Abdomen Regime Another way to divide the abdomen is the use of four quadrants: 
• Region 1 Abdomen Regime 4:Right upper quadrant (CSD) 
• Region 2 Abdomen Regime 4:In the upper left quadrant (upper left quadrant) 
• Region 3 Abdomen Regime 4:Right lower quadrant (CID) 
• Region 4 Abdomen Regime 4:In the lower left quadrant (CII) 

Abdominal Terminology - (Abdomen area between the pelvis and chest)

Scaphoid Abdomen: A scaphoid Abdomen is the state in which the stomach or Abdomen is sucked into the interior. In a newborn the scaphoid Abdomen may represent a diaphragmatic hernia, is often the state is the result of a diaphragmatic hernia.