ALTHOX

ABIES The firs ( Abies ) are a genus of trees of the family Pinaceae , within the conifers . The genus contains 55 species, 33 of which can be considered as primary and the remaining 22 as secondary or perhaps subspecies of the above. They grow mainly in Asia and eastern central, central and southern Europe and North America . Its height varies from 10 to 80 m. Description Abies Firs The firs are distinguished from other members of the family of the pine trees by their leaves as a needle are attached to the stem by a foot that resembles a small suction cup and fruit cones cylindrical between 5 and 25 cm long compact, with scales or bracts that stand erect on the branches, grouped near the top. When mature, these cones do not come off as spruce pine cones, but in this case decompose, releasing the gears . The species identification is based on the size and arrangement of the leaves, the size and shape of the cones and whether the bracts of them are long and extended or short a

CACERES SPAINAPERTURE Aperture is a Spanish municipality, in the province of Caceres , Autonomous Community of Extremadura. Geography - Caceres Spain / Aperture The municipality is generally flat with an altitude between 380 and 430 m, with the stud as the highest level. The main rivers are the rivers and Alcollarín Burdalo. Demography - Caceres Spain / Aperture 2001: 512 people 2002: 509 people 2003: 501 people 2004: 506 people 2005: 505 people 2006: 486 people History - Caceres Spain / Aperture In 1594 part of the Land of Trujillo in Trujillo Province The fall of the ancien regime is in the town of constitutional municipality in the region of Extremadura since 1834 became part of the Judicial District of Logrosán2 that the census of 1842 had 200 households and 1096 vecinos.3 Sights - Caceres Spain / Aperture • Church of San Juan Bautista (XV century) • Chapel of Santa Ana Heritage - Caceres Spain / Aperture Catholic parish church of

OPENING PHONETIC In phonetics , called gap or height to the extent that the vocal tract organs, due to a joint attach to passage of air. It is very variable (out), as the sounds are emitted. It is a relative concept and is opposed to closure . The term height refers to the height of the mandible. Thus the high vowels are closed and the low vowels, open ones. Opening vowel The degree of opening is much higher in vowels that are pronounced without the vocal tract organs are filed. In Castilian the biggest opening corresponds to the vowel,  a while the minimum of i. The opening, along with the position of the language is the vowel system . Acoustically, the opening is characterized in the first formant , which is situated at higher frequencies the more open vowel.

LONGITUDINAL ABERRATION The longitudinal aberration is in perspective , the distance along the optical axis from the focus of paraxial rays to the point where the rays from the outer edges of the lens or reflective surfaces intersect the axis. In chromatic aberration , the distance measured along the optical axis between the centers of two-color pattern.

SPHERICAL ABERRATION The spherical aberration is a defect of mirrors and lenses in which light rays that affect the optical axis parallel to but some distance from it, are taken to a different focus the rays next to it; Spherical aberration is monochromatic aberration of third order type that affects differently each wavelength. This effect is proportional to the fourth power of the diameter of the lens or mirror and inversely proportional to the cube of the length focal being much more pronounced in short-focus optics, as in the lens of a microscope. In telescopes, optical instruments once used focal length to reduce the effect of spherical aberration .

CHROMATIC ABERRATION The focal length of a lens depends on the refractive index of the substance to form and the geometry of surfaces. Since the refractive index of all substances varies with optical wavelength , the focal length of a lens is different for different colors . Consequently, a single lens is not simply an image of an object, but a series of images at different distances from the lens, one for each color present in the incident light. Furthermore, since the increase depends on the focal length, these images are different sizes. The variation in image distance with the index of refraction is called longitudinal chromatic aberration and the variation in size of the image is the lateral chromatic aberration . The light of wavelength shorter (blue) is bent more than light of longer wavelength (red), so that blue light reaches a focus closer to the lens than red light. The effect can be reduced by placing two lenses together. Mirrors do not suffer from chromatic aberra

ABERRATION IN OPTICAL SYSTEMS The aberrations in optical systems ( lenses , prisms , mirrors or a combination thereof in order to produce an image go to image degradation. It occurs when light from a point of an object does not converge to (or diverges from a) a single point then transmitted through the system. Instrumentalists fix these systems need to compensate for aberrations. Overview Aberrations are divided into two categories: Monochromatic aberrations , which are produced without dispersion . These include aberrations in reflective surfaces of any color (or wavelength , according to the region of the electromagnetic spectrum in which it is working), and monochromatic aberrations of a single wavelength. Chromatic aberration , where a system disperses the different wavelengths of light.

ABERRATION OF LIGHT Image Aberration Light from Telescope Source: Wikimedia Commons License: Public Domain Image View License Details: Clic k Here It is called the aberration of light or Bradley aberration of the difference between the observed position of a star and its true position due to the combination of the speed of the observer and the speed of light. Discovery - Aberration of light In 1725, James Bradley, then a professor Saviliano of Astronomy at the University of Oxford, tried to measure the distance to a star by observing its orientation in two different seasons. The position of the Earth change as they orbit the Sun and, therefore, provides a baseline for the triangulation of the star. To his surprise, found that the fixed stars showed apparent systematic movement, related to the direction of motion of the Earth in its orbit and was not dependent, as anticipated, the position of Earth in space. Concept - Aberration of light Bradley's discovery

SENIOR ABRAHAM Abraham Senior, Abraham Abraham Seneor Senneor or (Segovia , c. 1412 - c. 1493) was a Rabbi, banker and politician Judeo-Spanish, a senior official of the hacienda Spanish (almojarife of Castile real or manager), which in 1492 converted to Christianity under the name of Ferrán, Fernando Fernan Perez Coronel or Fernando Núñez Coronel or and founding a noble lineage, that of Colonel. Expulsion of the Jews, Emilio Sala (1889). This picture of history painting depicts a scene that the painter justified by this piece of William H. Prescott : The Jews, who had notice of what was happening, they turned to their political power to conciliate ordinary of kings commissioned one of their own to make a donation of thirty thousand ducats, bound for the costs of War of the Moors, but this negotiation was bewildered in a violent way by the Grand Inquisitor Torquemada, who entered the hall of the palace where the kings were commissioned Jewish audience, and taking a crucif